Succulents have long been cherished for their resilience, unique forms, and striking beauty. Among them, Stapelia, commonly known as the “carona flower” or “carrion flower”, stands out as one of the most fascinating and unusual plants. With its thick, angular stems and large, star-shaped flowers, Stapelia captivates succulent lovers and collectors alike. However, its most peculiar trait is its strong odor, which mimics rotting flesh to attract pollinators like flies.
Despite its unconventional fragrance, Stapelia is highly valued as an ornamental plant, particularly in xeriscaping or drought-tolerant gardens. In this article, we’ll explore everything you need to know about this exotic succulent, including its growth habits, flowering characteristics, habitat, care tips, and why it’s a must-have for plant enthusiasts.
1. What is Stapelia? An Overview of This Unique Succulent
Stapelia is a genus of succulent plants native to arid and semi-arid regions of Africa, particularly South Africa. It belongs to the Apocynaceae family, which includes other well-known succulents like Huernia and Orbea.
Common Species of Stapelia:
✔ Stapelia gigantea – Known for its massive, star-shaped flowers, sometimes reaching up to 30 cm (12 inches) in diameter.
✔ Stapelia hirsuta – Features hairy, maroon-colored flowers with intricate patterns.
✔ Stapelia variegata – Displays spotted, yellow-brown flowers resembling animal print.
2. Growth Habit and Appearance
One of the most recognizable features of Stapelia is its growth structure, which is quite different from typical succulents.
Stem and Growth Form:
✔ Forms clusters of upright, fleshy, and angular stems.
✔ Stems have four distinct ridges, giving them a cactus-like appearance.
✔ Can reach a height of 15–20 cm (6–8 inches), spreading outward as it matures.
Why is Stapelia Unique?
Unlike many succulents that rely on leaves for photosynthesis, Stapelia primarily uses its stems to store water and carry out essential functions. This adaptation allows it to thrive in dry environments with minimal moisture.
3. The Exotic Flowers of Stapelia
Stapelia is best known for its unusual and striking flowers, which resemble five-pointed stars. These blooms are large, hairy, and patterned, often featuring deep red, purple, or yellow hues with intricate markings.
Flowering Features:
✔ Blooms emerge at the base of the plant, near the lower sections of the stems.
✔ Petals are often covered in fine hairs, giving them a fuzzy appearance.
✔ The colors and textures mimic rotting flesh, helping attract pollinators.
Why Do Stapelia Flowers Smell Like Rotting Meat?
Unlike traditional flowers that attract bees or butterflies, Stapelia relies on flies for pollination. To lure them in, its blooms emit a strong odor similar to decomposing organic matter. Flies, mistaking the flower for a food source, land on it and transfer pollen between plants.
Fun Fact: Despite its off-putting scent, the Stapelia flower is completely harmless and does not pose any health risks to humans or pets.
4. Natural Habitat and Ideal Growing Conditions
Stapelia thrives in hot, arid climates with well-draining soil. In its native environment, it is often found growing among rocks, in sandy soil, or at the base of shrubs where it receives partial shade.
Best Conditions for Stapelia Growth:
✔ Temperature: Prefers warm temperatures (65-85°F / 18-30°C). Avoid exposure to frost, as it is highly sensitive to cold.
✔ Light: Requires full sun to partial shade. Too much direct sun can cause sunburn, while too little light can prevent flowering.
✔ Soil: Needs well-draining soil, such as a cactus or succulent mix with sand or perlite.
✔ Watering: Must be watered sparingly to avoid root rot. Water only when the soil is completely dry.
✔ Humidity: Does well in low-humidity environments, making it ideal for desert-style gardens.
5. How to Grow and Care for Stapelia at Home
Although Stapelia is considered a low-maintenance plant, it requires proper care to thrive and produce its unique flowers.
Step-by-Step Stapelia Care Guide
🌿 1. Choosing the Right Pot
- Use a pot with drainage holes to prevent excess moisture retention.
- Terracotta pots work best, as they allow air circulation around the roots.
💧 2. Watering Schedule
- Water once every 2–3 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer).
- Reduce watering in fall and winter to once a month or less.
- Always allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings.
☀️ 3. Light Requirements
- Place your Stapelia in bright, indirect light or morning sun.
- Avoid harsh midday sun, which can cause stem discoloration or sunburn.
🌱 4. Soil and Fertilization
- Use a well-draining succulent mix with added perlite.
- Fertilize once a month during the growing season with a low-nitrogen succulent fertilizer.
✂️ 5. Pruning and Maintenance
- Remove dead or shriveled stems to encourage healthy new growth.
- If flowers dry out on the plant, gently remove them to promote further blooming.
6. Propagation: How to Multiply Your Stapelia Plants
One of the best things about Stapelia is how easy it is to propagate!
Propagation by Stem Cuttings:
- Use a sterile knife to cut a healthy stem segment.
- Let the cutting dry for 1–2 days to form a callus.
- Plant the cutting in dry, well-draining soil and avoid watering for the first week.
- Once rooted (after 2–4 weeks), begin watering lightly.
This method allows you to expand your collection or share this unique succulent with friends!
7. Interesting Facts About Stapelia
🌵 Despite its strong odor, Stapelia is highly valued for its beauty and drought resistance.
🌍 It is a popular plant in xeriscaping, where water conservation is a priority.
🐝 Some species attract not only flies but also beetles as pollinators.
🏡 It can be grown indoors, provided it gets enough light and proper care.
Final Thoughts: Should You Grow Stapelia?
If you love unique, easy-to-care-for succulents, Stapelia is a must-have addition to your collection. Its striking star-shaped flowers, fascinating pollination method, and low-maintenance nature make it one of the most interesting plants you can grow.
While its scent may not be the most appealing, its exotic beauty and resilience more than make up for it. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or a beginner, Stapelia will add a touch of the extraordinary to your home or garden.
💬 Have you ever grown a Stapelia? Share your experience in the comments! 👇✨
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