Nasturtiums (Tropaeolum majus) are not just another beautiful flower you can add to your garden. These hardy, vibrant plants are much more than eye candy; they come packed with a variety of unique characteristics, numerous benefits, and fascinating history. With their colorful blooms, peppery taste, and a wealth of medicinal and culinary uses, nasturtiums have earned their place in gardens across the world. Whether you’re an avid gardener, culinary enthusiast, or someone interested in learning more about the plants in your backyard, this article will explore all that you need to know about nasturtiums.
The Origins of Nasturtiums
Nasturtiums have an intriguing history. Originally native to South and Central America, they were brought to Europe by the early explorers and quickly became popular for their attractive appearance and culinary uses. The plant was named Tropaeolum, which comes from the Greek word “tropaion,” meaning “trophy” or “spoils of war.” The flowers’ resemblance to shields or trophies may have been the inspiration behind the name. The common name, “nasturtium,” comes from the Latin words “nasus” (nose) and “torere” (to twist), alluding to the strong peppery taste of the flowers and leaves, which causes a twist in your nose, much like horseradish or mustard.
Nasturtium Appearance: Vibrant Beauty in the Garden
Nasturtiums are known for their strikingly vibrant flowers, typically in shades of orange, yellow, and red. The plants themselves can trail, climb, or form compact mounds, depending on the variety. Their rounded, green leaves, often described as shield-shaped, add texture and interest to the garden. These plants are relatively easy to grow, making them a perfect choice for beginner gardeners and those looking for quick color.
Nasturtiums are not just visually appealing but also incredibly hardy. They are well-suited to a variety of climates, preferring sunny spots and well-drained soil, and can even thrive in poor soil. They can be grown as annuals in colder climates or perennials in warmer areas.
The Edible Parts of Nasturtiums
One of the most exciting aspects of nasturtiums is that they are entirely edible. From their bright flowers to their leaves and seeds, each part of the plant has culinary uses, making it a true gem in the garden.
1. Edible Flowers
The flowers of the nasturtium plant are not only beautiful but also pack a peppery punch. Their spicy flavor is often likened to arugula or watercress. These vibrant flowers make an excellent addition to salads, garnishes, and even cocktails. They can also be used as a topping for soups or baked goods, adding both color and a unique flavor. Furthermore, the flowers are rich in vitamin C, which boosts your immune system and promotes healthy skin.
2. Edible Leaves
Nasturtium leaves are just as flavorful as their flowers. These leaves are often used in salads and as a garnish, providing a slightly peppery taste that adds depth to your dishes. If you love arugula or mustard greens, you’ll enjoy the flavor of nasturtium leaves. They are also a great source of nutrients, including iron, vitamin C, and antioxidants.
3. Edible Seeds
The seeds of nasturtiums are another edible treasure. When the seeds are harvested, they can be pickled and used as a substitute for capers. The peppery flavor of the seeds intensifies as they mature, making them a perfect addition to various dishes, especially those that call for a tangy, savory bite. You can also eat the immature seeds, which have a milder flavor.
Nasturtiums in the Kitchen
The edible nature of nasturtiums makes them a fantastic choice for culinary use. Here are a few ways to incorporate these beautiful plants into your cooking:
- Salads: Toss both the flowers and leaves into a salad for an eye-catching and flavorful dish.
- Garnishes: Use the vibrant flowers to decorate cakes, soups, and appetizers.
- Herb Butter: Chop the leaves and mix them into softened butter for a spicy, flavorful spread.
- Pickled Nasturtium Seeds: As mentioned earlier, nasturtium seeds can be pickled and used as a substitute for capers. Simply soak the seeds in vinegar, sugar, and salt for a few days to create a tangy, zesty condiment for your dishes.
- Pesto: Create a unique twist on the traditional basil pesto by using nasturtium leaves instead.
Nasturtiums are versatile and can be used in both raw and cooked dishes. Their peppery flavor provides a spicy kick to any meal, while their vibrant colors brighten up your plate.
Medicinal Benefits of Nasturtiums
In addition to their culinary uses, nasturtiums have several health benefits. These plants have been used for centuries for their medicinal properties, and modern studies support many of their traditional uses. Below are some of the key medicinal benefits of nasturtiums:
1. Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties
Nasturtiums contain compounds that have been shown to have antibacterial and antifungal effects. This makes the plant useful in treating infections and promoting healing. In particular, nasturtium extracts have been used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, and skin conditions.
2. Immune System Boost
As mentioned earlier, nasturtiums are an excellent source of vitamin C, a crucial nutrient for immune system function. Consuming nasturtium flowers or leaves can help boost your immunity, making it easier for your body to fend off common illnesses like colds and flu.
3. Digestive Health
Nasturtiums have long been used to support digestive health. The compounds in nasturtiums can help stimulate digestion, improve appetite, and treat bloating and gas. They are also believed to have mild laxative properties, making them helpful for constipation relief.
4. Respiratory Health
Traditionally, nasturtiums have been used to treat respiratory issues such as bronchitis, coughs, and asthma. The plant’s antimicrobial properties help fight off bacteria and viruses that can cause respiratory problems. Inhaling steam from nasturtium leaves has been shown to have a soothing effect on the lungs.
Growing Nasturtiums in Your Garden
Nasturtiums are easy to grow and require minimal care. Here’s a quick guide on how to cultivate these beautiful and useful plants in your garden:
1. Choose the Right Location
Nasturtiums thrive in sunny locations with well-drained soil. They can tolerate poor soil, so they are perfect for areas where other plants may struggle. Make sure the soil is not too rich, as this may cause the plant to focus more on leaves and less on flowers.
2. Planting Nasturtiums
You can start nasturtiums from seed, and they usually bloom in about 6 to 8 weeks. Sow the seeds directly in the garden after the last frost, or start them indoors and transplant them outside when the weather warms up. Nasturtiums do well in containers, hanging baskets, or directly in the ground.
3. Watering and Maintenance
Once established, nasturtiums require minimal care. They need regular watering, but be sure not to overwater them, as this can cause root rot. Water deeply but infrequently to encourage strong roots. You can also deadhead the flowers to encourage continuous blooming throughout the growing season.
4. Pest Control
Nasturtiums are known for their ability to attract beneficial insects like ladybugs and bees, but they can also attract aphids. If you notice any pest infestations, use natural remedies like neem oil or insecticidal soap to keep them in check.
Conclusion
Nasturtiums are an excellent addition to any garden. With their colorful flowers, edible leaves, and seeds, they offer beauty and function in one neat package. Whether you grow them for their culinary or medicinal properties, or simply to brighten your garden, nasturtiums are a versatile and rewarding plant to have around. So, next time you plant these wonderful flowers, remember that you’re not only adding a touch of color to your space, but you’re also growing a plant that has so much more to offer than meets the eye.