Calla lilies (Zantedeschia) are known for their sophisticated beauty and striking trumpet-shaped flowers. Native to southern Africa, these plants thrive in a variety of climates, making them a favorite for both home gardeners and landscape designers. While many choose to grow calla lilies from bulbs, growing them from seeds offers a rewarding challenge for those looking for a more hands-on approach. Though seed propagation requires patience and a bit of extra care, the satisfaction of nurturing these plants from seed to bloom is unmatched. This article will walk you through every step of growing calla lilies from seeds, offering tips to ensure success and help you create a garden filled with these magnificent flowers.
Why Grow Calla Lilies from Seeds?
Most gardeners opt to grow calla lilies from bulbs due to the speed and ease of the process. However, growing them from seeds offers unique benefits:
- Cost-effective: Seeds are generally more affordable than bulbs, especially if you plan to grow a large number of plants.
- Variety: By growing from seed, you may have the chance to cultivate different varieties that are not always available as bulbs.
- Gardening experience: Starting from seeds allows gardeners to engage more deeply in the growing process, enhancing their understanding of plant development and care.
- Hybridization opportunities: If you’re an advanced gardener, growing from seeds can allow you to cross-pollinate and create your own hybrids.
Understanding Calla Lily Seeds
Calla lily seeds are typically collected from the plant’s seed pods, which form after the flowers fade. It’s important to note that calla lilies do not always produce viable seeds, so it’s best to source high-quality seeds from a reputable supplier if you are new to seed propagation. Additionally, seed-grown calla lilies can take longer to flower—usually around two to three years—so patience is key.
Step-by-Step Guide to Growing Calla Lilies from Seeds
1. Collect or Purchase Quality Calla Lily Seeds
If you’re collecting seeds from your own calla lilies, wait until the flowers fade and seed pods form. The pods will eventually dry out and split, revealing the seeds inside. These seeds should be removed from the pods and allowed to dry for a few days before planting.
If you are purchasing seeds, ensure that you are buying from a reputable supplier who guarantees viable seeds. Check for the specific variety of calla lily you want to grow, as seed-grown plants may vary slightly in appearance from their parent plants.
2. Prepare the Seeds
Before planting, calla lily seeds benefit from a soaking period. Place the seeds in warm water for 24 hours to help soften the outer seed coat, encouraging faster germination. You can also use a mild hydrogen peroxide solution to prevent fungal growth, especially if you’re concerned about seed viability.
3. Prepare Seed Trays or Pots
Calla lily seeds need a well-draining, nutrient-rich potting mix to thrive. You can use seed trays, small pots, or biodegradable seed-starting cups for planting. Fill your trays or pots with a good-quality potting mix that is light and well-draining—preferably a mixture of peat, compost, and perlite or vermiculite.
Ensure that the potting mix is slightly moist but not waterlogged. Too much moisture can cause the seeds to rot before they have a chance to germinate.
4. Plant the Seeds
Plant the calla lily seeds about ½ inch deep in the potting mix. Space them about an inch apart if you’re using a seed tray. Gently press the soil over the seeds and mist the surface with water to ensure the soil stays moist.
Calla lily seeds require warmth to germinate, so place the trays or pots in a warm location, such as on top of a seed-starting heat mat or in a warm room with plenty of indirect sunlight. Aim for a consistent temperature of around 70°F (21°C) for optimal germination.
5. Provide Proper Light and Moisture
During the germination period, it’s important to keep the soil consistently moist, but not soggy. Mist the soil regularly to ensure it stays damp, but be careful not to overwater. Too much water can lead to fungal problems and root rot.
As the seeds germinate (this can take between 3 to 8 weeks), provide them with indirect light or use a grow light if natural light is insufficient. Avoid direct sunlight, as this can cause the soil to dry out too quickly and can scorch tender seedlings.
6. Transplanting Seedlings
Once the seedlings have developed their first true leaves and are large enough to handle, they can be carefully transplanted into individual pots. Use a well-draining potting mix, similar to the one used during germination.
Gently lift each seedling from the tray, being careful not to damage the delicate roots, and place it into a new pot. Water lightly after transplanting to help settle the soil around the roots.
7. Caring for Calla Lily Seedlings
After transplanting, place the seedlings in a bright spot with indirect light. Calla lilies thrive in warm conditions, so continue to keep the plants in a location where temperatures remain around 65-75°F (18-24°C). Water the seedlings regularly, but allow the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings to prevent root rot.
At this stage, you can begin fertilizing your calla lily seedlings with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half-strength. This will encourage healthy growth and help the plants develop strong roots.
8. Moving Calla Lilies Outdoors
Once your seedlings have grown larger and the risk of frost has passed, they can be gradually acclimated to outdoor conditions. This process is called “hardening off,” and it helps the plants adjust to the cooler temperatures, brighter light, and outdoor weather conditions.
Start by placing the seedlings outside for a few hours each day in a sheltered, partially shaded spot. Gradually increase the amount of time they spend outside over the course of a week or two until they can handle full days outdoors.
9. Transplanting Calla Lilies into the Garden
Once the calla lily seedlings are fully acclimated and temperatures are consistently warm, they can be transplanted into the garden. Choose a location with well-draining soil and partial to full sunlight. If your garden soil is heavy or clay-like, consider amending it with organic matter to improve drainage.
Space the plants about 12-18 inches apart to give them plenty of room to grow. Water thoroughly after planting, and mulch around the base of the plants to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
10. Ongoing Care for Calla Lilies
After transplanting, calla lilies will require regular watering, especially during dry periods. Keep the soil consistently moist, but avoid waterlogging, as this can lead to root rot.
Fertilize your calla lilies every 4-6 weeks with a balanced fertilizer to promote healthy growth and vibrant blooms. If you live in a region with cold winters, calla lilies will need to be dug up and stored indoors before the first frost, as they are not frost-tolerant.
Patience is Key
It’s important to note that calla lilies grown from seeds can take two to three years to produce flowers. During this time, the plants will focus on developing strong roots and foliage, preparing for their eventual bloom. While the wait may be long, the joy of seeing your first calla lily flower emerge from a plant you nurtured from seed makes the process worthwhile.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
- Slow Germination: If your seeds are slow to germinate, ensure they are being kept warm and that the soil remains moist but not waterlogged. If the conditions are too cold or the soil dries out, germination may be delayed.
- Rotting Seeds or Seedlings: Overwatering or poor drainage can cause the seeds or seedlings to rot. Use a well-draining soil mix and be cautious not to water excessively.
- Leggy Seedlings: If your seedlings are tall and spindly, they may not be receiving enough light. Move them to a brighter location or use a grow light to supplement natural sunlight.
Conclusion
Growing calla lilies from seeds is a rewarding process that requires time, care, and patience. While it may take a couple of years to see your plants in full bloom, the effort is well worth it. With the right care, your calla lilies will reward you with their stunning, elegant flowers for years to come.
Start your calla lily seed journey today and enjoy the beauty of these captivating flowers! 🌸✨